The development of climate-neutral energy production is supported by energy solutions based on wind, solar, geothermal and seawater thermal energy, nuclear energy, and biofuels. Technologies developed for storing non-dispatchable energy production, flexibility technologies for load management, and smart grid solutions also contribute to achieving this goal.
In developing climate-neutral energy production, important research and development directions include:
- Renewable energy technologies, equipment, and systems
- Biofuel technologies and production methods
- Carbon capture and utilisation technologies
- Nuclear energy research and development
Security of supply reflects the adequacy of energy supply compared to demand, meaning whether consumers have access to energy in the required amount, at the required time, and at an acceptable price. The priority direction includes developments for creating a diverse, combined, and decentralised energy production portfolio, developing more weather-resilient grids, and increasing the autonomy of end-users. Equally important are developments that support the transition to energy produced from local resources, as well as solutions that enhance the physical protection of the energy system.
To strengthen security of supply, important research and development directions include:
- Flexibility technologies and hardware and software for load management
- Development of artificial intelligence for creating autonomous energy management systems (including services)
- Smart grid solutions and technologies, including studies
- Storage technologies, systems, and automation
Sustainable energy use includes technologies that reduce electricity, district heating, cooling, and fuel consumption in supplying energy to, for example, industrial enterprises, offices, homes, and cars. Activities aimed at achieving energy savings include innovative building insulation solutions, improved efficiency of energy transmission, electrification of transport, and making production processes more efficient – including developments focused on the use of residual heat from industrial processes. All energy consumers, regardless of their field of activity, have the opportunity to contribute to this priority area.
For the development of energy efficiency and resource savings, important research and development directions include:
- Energy efficiency solutions and technology pilots
- Solutions for dynamic pricing of electricity, heating, and cooling energy
- Construction technology solutions for energy-efficient buildings (e.g. zero-emission buildings), as well as renovation technologies
- Innovative transport and mobility solutions and monitoring systems
